Table of Contents

TYRES

The tyre is mounted on the wheel rim. it has to carry the vehicle load and provide a cushioning effect absorbing flexing action. it must produce a minimum noise, while the wheel is turning on the road. it resists the tendency for the vehicle to oversteer or tum into the blend while cornering. it should have good grip while accelerating and braking the vehicle on both the dry and wet roads.

TYPES OF TYRES

1. Tube Tyre

2. Tubeless Tyre

the tubeless and tube tyres are called pneumatic tyres

1. 1 Tube Tyre:-  It is a Traditional Tyre. It Encloses a tube in which air is forced to a High Pressure as a Cushioning medium. the outer portion of the tyre which roll on the road is made of synthetic rubber and is called tread. at the inner edges. Beads are formed by rein Forcing with steel wires. the beads act as strong shoulders. for bearing against the wheel rim. Where the beads and cords give strength to the tyre, the treads provide resistance against slipping to the tyre, the treads provide resistance against slipping and thicker surface at the outer periphery
2. 1 TubeLess Tyre :-  tubeless Tyre Does not enclose the tube. the air under pressure is filled in the tyre itself. the inner construction of this tyre is almost the same as that of the tube tyre. a non-return valve is fitted to the rim through which the air is force inside the tyre. The tubeless tyres are lighter and run cooler than tyre. the main advantage of a troubles tyre is that it retains air for a long period even being punctured by nail, provided the nail reamin in the tyre. The Tyre is completly Solid and is mounted on the wheel rim it is fitted on the wheels rim it runs for a lifr long time.

TYRE CONSTRUCTION

1.) Cross Ply Tyre Construction

2) Radial Ply tyre Construction

In the Cross Bias Tyre Constuction The alternate Layers of Cords run in opposite diagonal Directions. it Is also Known as Cross Bias Tyre Consturtion This Type of tyre have Better Wear and road holding Characteristic. But They Must Not Be Fitted on the Front Wheel only

Fit Radial Tyres All Round, or Use cross Ply on the Front and Radial Ply tyres on the Wheel Otherwise the Cornering Characteristic will be seriously impaired. IN Radial Ply Tyre Construction The Cords Run Radially From Bead to Bead.

COMPONENTS OF THE TYRES

Tresd;- The Shoulder To shoulder Width Of the tyre represents the tread. natural as well as synthetic rubber are used for the tread of the tyre . The natural Rubber Helps the Tyre to stay cooler during running

Breaker:- The two Top Plies of the tyr are referred to as breakers. they are widely spaced as compared to other plies. these plies help in spresding the shocks recived from the Road.

Casing:- the tyre Casings are made up of layers of cord impregnated with rubber the number of layer of cord varies ccording to the use of tyre

Side walls:- The side Walls are Of rubber compound which serve as protective covering to the casing. A Tyre may have a black or White side wall. Bath the side walls have the same performance of the tyre.

Beads:- Coil of wires represent the beads. these wires are of high-tensile steel which are buit in the edges of the tyre in order to give strong edges to press against the inner edge of the rim.

CONSTITUENTS OF A TYRES

• Rubber:- Natural or Synthetic- Compounded With a large Number of chamical to ensure the necessary characteristics
• Nylon or Rayon Cord fabric For The Tyre Body
• Steel For high Tensile Steel Bead Wires

TYRE PROPERTIES

• Non-Skidding.:- The tyre Should not skid or slip on the Road Surface. it Should have Good Grip.
• Uniform Wear:- The tyre Must get Wear Uniformly over its Outer circumference
• Load Carring:- The tyre Should Be able to absorb Vibrations Set-Up By the Road surfaces. Thus Providing cushioning effect
• Power Consumption.:- While rolling on the road the tyre should consume least power developed by the engine.
• Noise:- The tyre should be balanced Dynamically as well statically.

Tyres Maintenance

• Tyre Inspection: Regular inspection and maintenance of your tyres will help prolong their lifespan. The condition of your tyre tread is one indicator of your vehicle’s health. Regular checks of all four tyres can help diagnose potential problems that may require professional intervention. Inspect your tyres at least once a month, as well as before and after long journeys.

• Tyre Pressure: Make it a habit of checking tyre pressure regularly (every 2-4 weeks) as proper tyre inflation can make driving a lot safer and make your tyres last longer. Always maintain Inflation Pressure (cold) within recommended parameters. Even in ideal conditions, tyres lose pressure at a rate of about 0.69 bar or 1 pound per square inch (psi) per month. That rate increases as temperatures rise. You’ll find the recommended pressure in your vehicle owner’s manual or on the sidewall of your tyre. Maintain 5 psi(0.3 kg/cm² ) more pressure than recommended in the spare wheel and correct it once it’s put to use.

• Wheel Alignment: Wheel alignment should be done after every 5,000 kms. or whenever any irregular wear on tyre is found.
• Wheel Balancing: Wheel balancing allows the tires and wheels to spin without causing any vibrations. This is recommended for better ride, handling and safety. Balance the wheel assembly whenever vibrations are felt during running
• Tyre Size: For optimum radial advantage, mount tyres with recommended rim width.

• Post Puncture maintenance: Check tyres thoroughly for damages due to punctures and impact. Always use new tubeless valves and new tube while replacing the tubeless and tube type tyres

• Tyre Rotation: Ensure that your tyres wear evenly by having them rotated every 5000 kms. Rotating your tyres helps achieve uniform wear across the full set. Even wear can help extend the life of your tyres and obtain balanced handling and traction. Regular tyre rotation can help keep your vehicle handling smoothly. It’s a good idea to rotate them at every second oil change.
• Tyre Replacement: Tyre life varies. It depends on your driving habits, the climate you live in and how well you maintain your tyres. All tyres wear out or become damaged and will eventually need replacing. Always replace tyres once tread wear indicator is visible